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विश्व-इतिहासकैसे बना था पाकिस्तान

माउण्टबेटन प्लान

Dr. Mohanlal Gupta
By Dr. Mohanlal Gupta
466
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ब्रिटिश सरकार ने लॉर्ड माण्टबेटन को स्पष्ट आदेशों के साथ भारत भेजा था। उन्हें तीन लक्ष्य दिए गए थे- भारत का विभाजन करना, भारत को स्वतंत्र करना तथा भारत से अंग्रेजों की सुरक्षित वापसी सुनिश्चित करना। इन उद्देश्यों की प्राप्ति के लिए लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन ने एक योजना बनवाकर इंग्लैण्ड भिजवाई। इसे माउण्टबेटन प्लान कहा जाता है।

बेईमान रैफरी

यद्यपि कुछ अंग्रेज इतिहासकारों ने कांग्रेस और मुस्लिम लीग की लड़ाई में अंग्रेजों को रैफरी की भूमिका से युक्त बताया है। अब तक अंग्रेज-शक्ति मुस्लिम लीग का ही अधिक साथ देती आयी थी। वह उस बेईमान रैफरी की तरह थी जो मौका पाते ही चुपके से दो मुक्के उस प्रतिद्वंद्वी में जमा देती थी जो उसे पसंद नहीं था। अक्सर ये मुक्के कांग्रेस को पड़ते थे क्योंकि कांग्रेस हर हालत में भारत की आजादी चाहती थी जबकि मुस्लिम लीग ने पाकिस्तान की मांग के माध्यम से भारत की आजादी का रास्ता अवरुद्ध कर रखा था।

नेहरू ने बचाया देश को

भारतीय नेताओं से विचार-विमर्श के बाद माउण्टबेटन ने भारत विभाजन की एक योजना तैयार की जिसे माउंटबेटन प्लान कहा जाता है। वायसराय ने मई 1947 के आरम्भ में इस योजना को ब्रिटिश सरकार की स्वीकृति के लिए लॉर्ड इस्मे के साथ लंदन भिजवा दिया। भारत की आजादी की योजना में लॉर्ड माउण्टबेटन ने प्रस्तावित किया कि भारत को दो स्वतंत्र देशों के रूप में आजादी दी जायेगी जिसमें से एक टुकड़ा पाकिस्तान होगा और दूसरा भारत। पाकिस्तानी क्षेत्रों का निर्धारण अंग्रेजों द्वारा नहीं किया जाएगा अपितु इसका निर्णय भारतीय स्वयं करेंगे।

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अंग्रेजों के अधीन 11 ब्रिटिश प्रांतों में से प्रत्येक प्रांत को पाकिस्तान या भारत में मिलने का निर्णय लेने का स्वतंत्र अधिकार होगा। यदि किसी ब्रिटिश प्रांत की जनता चाहे तो वह प्रांत भारत और पाकिस्तान दोनों में से किसी के भी साथ मिलने से इन्कार करके अपने प्रदेश को स्वतंत्र देश बना सकेगी। ऐसा करने के पीछे माउंटबेटन का तर्क यह था कि प्रजा पर न तो भारत थोपा जाये और न ही पाकिस्तान। प्रजा अपना निर्णय स्वयं करने के लिये पूर्ण स्वतंत्र रहे। जो प्रजा पाकिस्तान में मिलना चाहे, वह पाकिस्तान में मिले। जिसे भारत के साथ मिलना हो, वह भारत का अंग बने। जिसे दोनों से अलग रहना हो, वह सहर्ष अलग रहे।

इसके निर्णय की प्रक्रिया ब्रिटिश प्रांतों में लम्बे समय से चल रही लेजिस्लेटिव एसम्बलियों के माध्यम से होनी थी। माउण्टबेटन द्वारा भारत में स्थित लगभग 565 देशी रियासतों के लिए भी यही प्रक्रिया प्रस्तावित की गई थी जिसके अनुसार प्रत्येक देशी रियासत को अधिकार होगा कि वह चाहे तो भारत में मिले, चाहे पाकिस्तान में मिले, चाहे स्वतंत्र रहे अथवा कुछ रियासतें मिलकर अपने लिए अलग-अलग देश बना लें।

इस प्रकार माउंटबेटन ने कैबीनेट मिशन योजना की अनदेखी करके पाकिस्तान निर्माण के लिए क्रिप्स मिशन वाला खतरनाक रास्ता अपनाया।

यह अत्यंत खरतनाक योजना थी जिससे देश के टुकड़े-टुकड़े हो जाते और भारत बाल्कन द्वीपों की तरह बिखर जाता। भारत देश का कोई अस्तित्व ही नहीं होता। भारत में से निकलकर ब्रिटिश-प्रांत एवं देशी-रियासातें अलग-अलग देशों का ऐसा गुच्छा बन जातीं जो एक-दूसरे के रक्त की प्यासी होतीं। न तो कांग्रेसी नेताओं ने और न मुस्लिम लीग के नेताओं ने ऐसे स्वतंत्र भारत की कल्पना कभी की थी।

इस स्वतंत्रता से तो देश अंग्रेजों के अधीन रहकर तब तक स्वतंत्रता की प्रतीक्षा कर सकता था जब तक कि भारत स्वयं को एक रूप में, एक साथ और एक आत्मा के साथ स्वतंत्र होने योग्य बना ले। जब माउण्टबेटन ने भारत-पाकिस्तान के विभाजन की योजना इंग्लैण्ड भेज दी तब एक दिन उन्होंने इस योजना का प्रारूप जवाहरलाल नेहरू को दिखाया। जवाहरलाल नेहरू उस समय तक माउण्टबेटन की पत्नी एडविना के गहरे मित्र बन चुके थे।

दोनों ही मिलकर सिगरेट पीते थे, साथ-साथ यात्राएं करते थे तथा चाय की चुस्कियों एवं डिनर के छुरी-कांटों के साथ भारत की राजनीति पर घण्टों बात करते थे। माउण्टबेटन को विश्वास था कि आजाद-खयालों एवं व्यक्तिगत आजादी के पक्षधर अंग्रेजी पढ़े-लिखे नेहरू ईमानदारी से बनाई गई इस योजना को देखते ही सहमत हो जाएंगे किंतु हुआ बिल्कुल ठीक उलटा। जवाहरलाल नेहरू इस योजना को देखते ही आग बबूला हो गये।

वे अखण्ड भारत के अंतरिम प्रधानमंत्री थे तथा उनकी आंखों में अब भी अखण्ड एवं स्वतंत्र भारत के प्रधानमंत्री की कुर्सी तैर रही थी, जो उन्हें कभी नहीं मिलने वाली थी। यदि वे माउण्टबेटन प्लान को स्वीकार कर लेते तो वे संभवतः एक ऐसे देश के प्रधानमंत्री रह जाते जिसका कोई अस्तित्व ही नहीं होना था। इस योजना के आधार पर बनने वाले लगभग छः सौ देशों में से शायद ही कोई उन्हें प्रधानमंत्री बनाने को तैयार होता।

जवाहरलाल ने अत्यंत रूखे शब्दों में माउण्टबेटन प्लान को मानने से अस्वीकार कर दिया। जवाहरलाल का जवाब सुनकर माउण्टबेटन को निराशा हुई किंतु उन्होंने जवाहरलाल से ही कहा कि ठीक है वे लंदन भेजी जा चुकी योजना को रद्द कर देंगे और शीघ्र ही एक नई योजना तैयार करवाकर जवाहरलाल को दिखाएंगे।

-डॉ. मोहनलाल गुप्ता

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Dr. Mohanlal Gupta
Dr. Mohanlal Guptahttps://bharatkaitihas.com

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