जिस समय अल्लाउद्दीन खिलजी दिल्ली का शासक बना, वह बहुत ही उथल-पुथल भरा समय था। उसके पूर्ववर्ती, दिल्ली के ग्यारह सुल्तानों में से आठ सुल्तनों की मृत्यु षड़यंत्रों एवं युद्ध के मैदानों में हुई थी। केवल तीन सुल्तान ही अपनी मौत मरे थे।
अल्लाउद्दीन खिलजी तख्त पर तो बैठ गया किंतु उसे राज्य का अपहर्त्ता तथा अपराधी समझा जाता था, क्योंकि उसने ऐसे व्यक्ति की हत्या करवाई थी जो उसका अत्यन्त निकट सम्बन्धी तथा बहुत बड़ा शुभचिन्तक था। अतः जलालुदद्ीन का वध बड़ा ही नृशंस तथा घृणित कार्य समझा गया।
जलालुद्दीन के उत्तराधिकारियों का भी अभी तक नाश नहीं हुआ था। जलालुद्दीन की बेगम मलिका जहान, मंझला पुत्र अर्कली खाँ, छोटा पुत्र कद्र खाँ उर्फ रुकुनुद्दीन इब्राहीम और जलालुद्दीन का मंगोल दामाद उलूग खाँ अभी जीवित थे। उनके झण्डेेे के नीचे अब भी विशाल सेनाएँ संगठित हो सकती थीं।
अल्लाउद्दीन ने अमीरों का विश्वास अर्जित करने के लिए सोने-चाँदी की मुद्राओं का मुक्तहस्त से वितरण किया। उसके पास अशर्फियों की कोई कमी नहीं थी, वह कई मन अशर्फियां देवगिरि के यादवों से लूटकर लाया था। उसने सैनिकों को छः मास का वेतन पारितोषिक के रूप में दिलवाया। शेखों तथा आलिमों को दिल खोलकर धन एवं धरती से पुरस्कृत किया। इस कारण लालची अमीर अल्लाउद्दीन के विश्वासघात तथा घृणित कार्य को भूलकर उसकी उदारता की प्रशंसा करने लगे। प्रायः समस्त बड़े अमीर अल्लाउद्दीन के समर्थक बन गए।
इस रोचक इतिहास का वीडियो देखें-
अल्लाउद्दीन खिलजी ने कुछ ऊँचे पदाधिकारियों को पूर्ववत् उनके पदों पर बने रहने दिया और शेष पदों पर अपने सहायकों तथा सेवकों को नियुक्त कर दिया। इससे अल्लाउद्दीन की स्थिति बड़ी दृढ़ हो गई। यद्यपि अल्लाउद्दीन को चार योग्य अमीरों- उलूग खाँ, नसरत खाँ, जफर खाँ तथा अल्प खाँ की सेवाएँ प्राप्त हो गईं तथापि दिल्ली सल्तनत के जलाली अमीर अल्लाउद्दीन को क्षमा करने के लिए तैयार नहीं थे। पूर्व सुल्तान जलालुद्दीन खिलजी के विश्वस्त अमीरों को जलाली अमीर कहा जाता था।
अल्लाउद्दीन को इन जलाली अमीरों से बड़ा भय लगता था क्योंकि ये बड़े कुचक्री और दुस्साहसी होते थे। जलालुद्दीन के इन स्वामिभक्त सेवकों में अहमद चप का नाम प्रमुख है। वह बड़ा ही निर्भीक तथा साहसी तुर्की अमीर था और जलालुद्दीन तथा उसके उत्तराधिकारियों में उसकी अटूट निष्ठा थी।
अल्लाउद्दीन के सौभाग्य से मलिक अहमद चप मरहूम सुल्तान जलालुद्दीन की बेवा मलिका जहान तथा उसके द्वारा नियुक्त अवयस्क सुल्तान कद्र खाँ के साथ मुल्तान चला गया था, इसलिए एकदम से उसके विरुद्ध कार्यवाही किए जाने की आवश्यकता नहीं थी। कुछ समय बाद जब अल्लाउद्दीन ने दिल्ली पर अपनी पकड़ मजबूत कर ली, तब उसने अपने दो सेनानायकों उलूग खाँ (अल्लाउद्दीन का भाई) और जफर खाँ को मुल्तान पर आक्रमण करने भेजा। अल्लाउद्दीन के सेनापतियों ने मलिका जहान, अर्कली खाँ, कद्र खाँ, अहमद चप और उलूग खाँ ( मंगोल सरदार) को बंदी बनाकर दिल्ली रवाना कर दिया।
पाठकों को यह बताना समीचीन होगा कि इस समय दो उलूग खाँ थे। एक उलूग खाँ मंगोलों का सरदार था और चंगेज खाँ का पोता था जिसे मरहूम सुल्तान जलालुद्दीन ने अपना दामाद बनाया था जबकि दूसरा उलूग खाँ अल्लाउद्दीन खिलजी का छोटा भाई था जिसने पूर्ववर्ती सुल्तान जलालुद्दीन की हत्या करवाने में प्रमुख भूमिका निभाई थी। हांसी के निकट अर्कली खाँ, कद्र खाँ, अहमद चप और उलूग खाँ को अंधा करके परिवार के सदस्यों से अलग कर दिया गया। बाद में अर्कली खाँ तथा कद्र खाँ को उनके पुत्रों सहित मौत के घाट उतार दिया गया। मलिका जहान को दिल्ली लाकर नजरबंद कर दिया गया। मलिक अहमद चप को हांसी के दुर्ग में बंद किया गया।
जलालुद्दीन के उत्तराधिकारियों का दमन करने के बाद अल्लाउद्दीन ने जलाली अमीरों के दमन का कार्य नसरत खाँ को सौंपा। नसरत खाँ ने जलाली अमीरों की सम्पत्ति छीनकर राजकोष में जमा करवाई। कुछ अमीर अन्धे कर दिए गए तथा कुछ कारगार में डाल दिए गए। कुछ जलाली अमीरों को मौत के घाट उतार दिया गया। उनकी भूमियां तथा जागीरें छीन ली गईं। जलाली अमीरों से शाही खजाने में लगभग एक करोड़ रुपया प्राप्त हुआ। अल्लाउद्दीन ने दिल्ली की गलियों में घूमने वाले भिखारियों एवं दीन-दुखियों में अन्न वितरित करवाया। इससे जनता ने भी अल्लाउद्दीन की आलोचना करना बंद कर दिया।
इस प्रकार नितांत निरक्षर अल्लाउद्दीन ने प्रकृति से मिले सहज विवेक से काम लेते हुए न केवल दिल्ली पर अपनी पकड़ मजबूत कर ली अपितु मरहूम सुल्तान के परिवार तथा उसके प्रति निष्ठावान अमीरों से भी छुटकारा पा लिया। अल्लाद्दीन ने वित्तीय प्रबंधन के किसी कॉलेज में पढ़ाई नहीं की थी किंतु उसका वित्तीय प्रबंधन इतना कुशल था कि उसने सुल्तान बनने के लिए सोने की जो अशर्फिंयां लुटाई थीं, उनकी भरपाई जलाली अमीरों की सम्पत्तियों से कर ली।
-डॉ. मोहनलाल गुप्ता
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