ब्रह्माजी ने सोम को ब्राह्मण, बीज, वनस्पति और जल का सम्राट बना दिया!
पुरुवंश को पूर्वकाल में चंद्र वंश एवं सोम वंश भी कहा जाता था। इस कथा में हम चंद्रमा की उत्पत्ति की चर्चा करेंगे जिसकी वंश परम्परा में आगे चलकर पुरुरवा नामक राजा हुआ और जिससे पुरुवंश की शृंखला चली।
श्रीहरिवंश पुराण आदि कई पुराणों में चंद्रमा की उत्पत्ति की कथा मिलती है। इस कथा के अनुसार भगवान श्रीहरि विष्णु के नाभि-सरोवर के कमल से प्रजापति ब्रह्मा की उत्पत्ति हुई। विष्णु पुराण में आई एक कथा के अनुसार ब्रह्माजी के मानसिक संकल्प से अत्रि ऋषि उत्पन्न हुए। अत्रि भी प्रजापति ब्रह्मा के कार्य को आगे बढ़ाने में संलग्न हुए।
अत्रि ने तीन हजार दिव्य वर्षों तक अपनी भुजाएँ ऊपर उठाकर काष्ठ, दीवार तथा पत्थर के समान निश्चल रहकर किसी भी प्राणी को कष्ट पहुंचाए बिना ही अनुत्तर नामक महान् तप किया। जिस तप से बढ़कर और कोई श्रेष्ठ तप नहीं हो, उसे अनुत्तर तप कहते हैं। अत्रि ने एकटक देखते हुए ऊध्र्वरेता अर्थात् ब्रह्मचारी रहकर सोम की भावना से तप किया। इस कारण अत्रि का शरीर सोमरूप में परिणत हो गया।
इस तपस्या के कारण मुनि के नेत्रों से वह सोमरूप तेज जलरूप में बह निकला और दसों दिशाओं को प्रकाशित करता हुआ आकाश में चढ़ने लगा। तब प्रसन्नता में भरी हुई दस दिशारूपी देवियों ने सम्मिलित होकर उस तेज को अपने गर्भ में विधिपूर्वक धारण किया परन्तु वे उस तेज को धारण करने में समर्थ नहीं हा सकीं।
इस रोचक कथा का वीडियो देखें-
जब दिशाएं उस गर्भ का भार सहन नहीं कर सकीं तब औषधि आदि के द्वारा सब लोकों को पुष्ट करने वाला एवं शीतल किरणों से सुशोभित वह प्रकाशमान गर्भ समस्त लोकों को प्रकाशित करता हुआ दिग्देवियों के उदर से अचानक ही धरती पर गिर पड़ा।
प्रजापति ब्रह्मा ने संसार का हित करने की कामना से उस गर्भ को एक दिव्य रथ पर रख दिया। वह रथ वेदमय, धर्मस्वरूप तथा सत्य से नियंत्रित था। उसमें एक हजार सफेद घोड़े जुते हुए थे। अत्रि के पुत्र ‘सोम’ के गिरने पर ब्रह्माजी के सुप्रसिद्ध सात मानस पुत्र सोम की स्तुति करने लगे।
अंगिरा के वंश में उत्पन्न भृगु ऋषि और उनके पुत्र, ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद, सामवेद एवं अथर्ववेद की ऋचाओं से सोम की स्तुति करने लगे। इस स्तुति में कहा गया- ‘अंशुरंशुष्टे देव सोमाप्यायताम्’ अर्थात् हे चंद्रदेव! आपकी प्रत्येक किरण परिपुष्ट हो! इस स्तुति से सोम पुष्ट हुआ तथा उसका तेज तीनों लोकों को प्रकाशित करने लगा।
तब बह्माजी ने उस सोमयुक्त रथ में बैठकर समुद्र तक की पृथ्वी की इक्कीस बार प्रदक्षिणा की। उस समय रथ के वेग से उछलकर सोम का तेज पृथ्वी पर टपकने लगा। उस तेज से प्रकाशपूर्ण औषधियां उत्पन्न हुईं। उन औषधियों से भूलोक, भुवर्लोक और स्वर्गलोक इन तीनों लोकों का और जरायुज, अण्डायुज, स्वेदज तथा उद्भिज नामक चारों प्रकार की प्रजाओं का पालन होता रहता है। इस प्रकार भगवान सोम सम्पूर्ण जगत् का पोषण करते हैं।
ब्रह्माजी के पुत्रों द्वारा की गई वैदिक स्तुतियों से परिपुष्ट हुए सोम ने एक हजार पद्म वर्षों तक तप किया। चांदी के समान शुक्ल वर्ण वाली जल की अधिष्ठात्री देवियां अपने स्वरूपभूत जल से जगत् का पालन करती हैं। चंद्रदेव उनकी निधि हुए। वे अपने कर्मों से विख्यात हैं। ब्रह्माजी ने चंद्रमा को बीज, औषधि, ब्राह्मण और जल का राजा बना दिया। इस प्रकार प्रकाशवान् अस्तित्वों में श्रेष्ठ चंदमा अपनी कांति से तीनों लोकों को प्रकाशित करने लगा। जब चंद्रमा का इन चारों राज्यों अर्थात् बीज, औषधि, ब्राह्मण और जल के सम्राट के रूप में अभिषेक हो गया तब सम्राट चंद्रमा अपनी कांति से तीनों लोकों को प्रकाशित करने लगे।
उस समय प्रचेताओं के पुत्र दक्ष ने अपनी महाव्रत धारिणी सत्ताइस कन्याएं चंद्रमा को ब्याह दीं। जिन्हें विद्वान पुरुष सत्ताइस नक्षत्रों के रूप में जानते हैं। इस बड़े भारी राज्य एवं वैभव को पाकर पितृदेवों में श्रेष्ठ सोम ने राजसूय यज्ञ का अनुष्ठान किया जिसमें उन्होंने एक लाख गौएं दक्षिणा में दीं। सोम के उस यज्ञ में भगवान अत्रि होता बने। भगवान भृगु अध्वर्यु बने। हिरण्यगर्भ उद्गाता बने तथा वसिष्ठ ब्रह्मा बने। उस यज्ञ में सनत्कुमार आदि प्राचीन ऋषियों ने स्वयं भगवान नारायण श्री हरि विष्णु को सदस्य बनाया।
यज्ञ के सम्पन्न होने पर सोम ने तीनों लोक ब्रह्मर्षियों को दक्षिणा में प्रदान कर दिए। उस समय सिनीवाली, कुहू, द्युति, पुष्टि, प्रभा, वसु, कीर्ति, धृति और शोभा नामक नौ देवियां नित्यप्रति चंद्रमा की सेवा में लगी रहती थीं। इस प्रकार समस्त ऋषियों एवं देवताओं से सत्कार पाकर द्विजराज चंद्रमा ने अवभृथ स्नान किया तथा पुनः दसों दिशाओं को प्रकाशमान करने लगे।
स्कंदपुराण सहित कई पुराणों में चंद्रमा की उत्पत्ति समुद्र से बताई गई है, वस्तुतः वह घटना संसार को वैभव की पुनर्प्राप्ति का रूपक है जिसका उल्लेख हम कूर्मावतार की कथा में विस्तार से कर चुके हैं।
जब हम अत्रि की तपस्या द्वारा सोम की उत्पत्ति की कथा पर सृष्टि के निर्माण की दृष्टि से विचार करते हैं तो हमें कुछ बातें स्पष्ट होती हैं। वस्तुतः यह कथा इस भौतिक संसार को सूक्ष्म आधार अर्थात् जीवन प्रदान करने का रूपक है। आकाश, अग्नि, वायु, सोम, जल एवं वनस्पति आदि दिव्य पदार्थों से इस स्थूल सृष्टि को जीवन प्रदान किया गया। अत्रि के तप द्वारा सोम को प्रकट करने एवं सोम के चंद्रमा बनने की कथा वस्तुतः भौतिक सृष्टि में सोम अर्थात् जीवन के प्रवेश की कथा है। विभिन्न ग्रंथों में यह कथा कई रूपोें में मिलती है।
ब्रह्माजी ने सोम को ब्राह्मण, बीज, औषधि और जल का सम्राट बनाया। वस्तुतः यह भी एक रूपक है। यहाँ ब्राह्मण से तात्पर्य उस समस्त ज्ञान-विज्ञान, यज्ञ, तपस्या, वैराग्य, त्याग तथा लोककल्याण से है जिसके प्रभाव से सृष्टि को सूक्ष्म आधार प्राप्त होता है।
औषधि से तात्पर्य उन समस्त वनस्पतियों से है जो प्राणियों का पेट भरती हैं अर्थात् सृष्टि को स्थूल आधार प्राप्त होता है। बीज से तात्पर्य सृष्टि के उन तत्वों से है जिनसे नए पदार्थ उत्पन्न होते हैं तथा जल से तात्पर्य उस तत्व से है जो सृष्टि को सौंदर्य रूपी रस अर्थात् जीवन प्रदान करता है।
सारांश रूप में ब्रह्माजी द्वारा सोम को ब्राह्मण, बीज, औषधि और जल का सम्राट बनाए जाने का अर्थ यह है कि यदि किसी भी वस्तु या प्राणी में से सोम निकाल लिया जाए तो न उसका सूक्ष्म आधार बचेगा, न उसका स्थूल आधार बचेगा, न उसमें वृद्धि प्राप्त करने का गुण बचेगा और न उसका सौंदर्य रूपी रस अर्थात् जीवन बचेगा!
वेदों में भी सोम से सम्बन्धित कई कथाएं मिलती हैं जिनमें अधिक बल इस बात पर दिया गया है कि सोम देवताओं की वस्तु है किंतु उस पर दैत्य अधिकार करना चाहते हैं। उन कथाओं का उल्लेख हम वैदिक कथाओं की पुस्तक में अलग से करेंगे। विष्णु पुराण तथा हरिवंश पुराण सहित अनेक ग्रंथों में कहा गया है कि भारी वैभव की प्राप्ति से चंद्रमा की बुद्धि भ्रष्ट हो गई और वह अनीति करने लगा।
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