कलकत्ता में सीधी कार्यवाही के बाद महीनों तक सड़कों पर हिन्दुओं का खून पड़ा सूखता रहा और उसमें पड़ी लाशें सड़ती रहीं। महीनों तक खून में तैरता रहा कलकत्ता!
जनरल टक्कर के अनुसार फरवरी में हुई हिंसा से हम सब स्तब्ध रह गए थे लेकिन इस बार तो मामला कुछ और ही था। हत्या के जुनून में भीड़ नंगी बर्बरता के साथ सिर्फ मारकाट और आगजनी पर उतारू थी। कलकत्ता शहर की बागडोर अपराध जगत के हाथों में जा चुकी थी …… पुलिस की तरफ से हालात पर काबू पाने की कोई कोशिश नहीं थी। दिन में न कोई बस दिखती थी, न टैक्सी। रिक्शे तोड़ डाले अैर जला दिए गए थे।
क्लर्कों के दफ्तर जाने का कोई जरिया नहीं बचा था। ….. शहर भर में लोग हाथ पर हाथ धरे बैठे थे। दंगाई भारी-भारी डण्डे और पैनी लोहे की छड़ें लिए घूम रहे थे। ….. प्रकट रूप में वे बहुत खरतनाक मूड में थे।…. एक व्यक्ति ….. पुलिस से ……सौ गज से भी कम दूरी पर पीट-पीट कर मार डाला गया था। पुलिस ….. जब तक धीरे-धीरे अपनी गाड़ियों से उतरती और कार्यवाही करती तब तक तीन लोगों की पीट-पीट कर जान ले ली गई और वे वहीं सड़क पर पड़े हुए थे।
कलकत्ता में सीधी कार्यवाही निरीह, निर्दोष, निहत्थे हिन्दुओं की हत्या थी। यह मानवता की हत्या थी। यह धरती के क्रूरतम अपराधों में से एक था जो केवल मुहम्मद अली जिन्ना और गांधीजी की जिद के कारण हुआ था। जिन्ना गांधी के साथ रहना नहीं चाहता था और गांधीजी जिन्ना को छोड़ने के लिए तैयार नहीं थे। जो हिन्दु गांधीजी को महत्मा कहते नहीं थकते थे, उन्हीं गांधीजी के मुस्लिम-प्रेम ने भोले-भाले हिन्दुओं की हत्या करवाई।
टक्कर ने लिखा है- ‘सोमवार 19 अगस्त 1946 को मेजर लिवरमोर की प्लाटून ने एक चौराहे से डेढ़ सौ से अधिक शव हटाए। इस क्षेत्र में दुर्गंध सहनशक्ति से बाहर होती जा रही थी। जिसका एक कारण ये शव भी थे जिनके हटाने से एक नागरिक तो इतना उपकृत हुआ कि उसने प्लाटून को शैम्पेन की दो बोतलें दे डालीं। …… रात को नौ बजे हमें आदेश मिला कि प्रातः चार बजे कर्फ्यू हटने से पहले कम से कम मुख्य सड़कों से तो शव हटा ही लिए जाने चाहिए। सड़ते हुए शव उठाने के कार्य में हमारी सहायता के लिए दुर्गंधरोधी और गैस मास्क भी भेजे गए। मुसलमान कब्रिस्तानों एवं हिन्दू शवदाह घाटों की पहचान करने वाले नक्शे भी हम तक जल्दी से जल्दी पहुंचने वाले थे।
..…. यह पता लगाना कितना कठिन था कि तीन दिन से मरे पड़े लोगों में से कौन हिन्दू है और मुसलमान कौन! मेरे अपने क्षेत्र का काम समाप्त होने में दो दिन तथा दो रातें और लग गईं। एक कम्पनी सेक्टर में कुल मिलाकर 507 शव मिले जिनमें से अधिकतर चार सौ वर्ग गज के एक मुहल्ले के थे। …. हैजे की महामारी का अंदेशा पैदा हो चुका था।’
कलकत्ता में सीधी कार्यवाही का ऐसा घिनौना रूप अंग्रेजों की भी कल्पना से बाहर था हालांकि कलकत्ता में सीधी कार्यवाही में अंग्रेज स्वयं पूरी तरह शामिल थे। हालांकि अंग्रेज खंजर लेकर सड़कों पर नहीं निकले थे किंतु उन्होंने सुहरावर्दी के गुण्डों को रोकने के लिए कुछ नहीं किय। अंग्रेजी सेना बैरकों में पड़ी सोती रही।
टक्कर ने लिखा है- ’19 अगस्त की रात तक सड़ती हुई लाशों के खतरे से कलकत्ता इतना विचलित हो चुका था कि बंगाल की सरकार ने एक लाश ठिकाने लगाने के लिए सैनिकों को पांच रुपए देने की घोषणा की। इस काम में जिन लोगों को लगाया गया उनमें कलकत्ता के फोर्टेस स्टाफ का मेजर डोबनी भी था।
…… ब्रिटिश सैनिकों के इक्का-दुक्का दल के अलावा पूरा शहर बाकयदा मुर्दों के शहर में बदल चुका था। ….. सभी सड़कों पर रोशनी कर दी गई थी, ताकि सड़ते हुए इन्सानों और मलबे के ढेर दिखाई दे सकें। हथठेलों में लाशें भरी हुई थीं और उन्हें किनारे छोड़ दिया गया था। …… जैसे ही पता चला कि अंग्रेज अपने दीवानेपन में लाशें जमा करते घूम रहे हैं, घरों और झौंपड़ियों से और लाशें निकलने लगीं। ….. पूरी रात यह भीषण काम किया जाता रहा।’
टक्कर का अनुमान था कि इस हौलनाक हत्याकांड में मरने वालों की संख्या हजारों में तो रही होगी। गैर सरकारी सूत्रों के अनुसार लगभग 16 हजार बंगाली 16 से 20 अगस्त के बीच मारे गए। मार्गरेट बर्गवाइट की रिपोर्ट के अुनसार इससे भी कई गुना ज्यादा संख्या में हुगली का पुल पार करके भागते हुए देखे गए।
कई दिनों तक पुरुषों, स्त्रियों, बच्चों और घरेलू पशुओं की भीड़ हावड़ा रेलरोड स्टेशन की तरफ जाती रही। जब ट्रेनों में स्थान नहीं बचा तो हिंदू और मुसलमान अगल-अलग होकर कंकरीट के फर्श पर प्रतीक्षा करने लगे। यह तो पाकिस्तान निर्माण के लिए हुए रक्तपात की केवल एक झलक मात्र थी।
लैरी कांलिन्स एवं दॉमिनिक लैपियर ने लिखा है-
’16 अगस्त की सुबह धार्मिक नारे लगाते मुसलमानों की टोलियां अचानक अपनी झौंपड़ियों से निकलीं। छुरे, चाकू, तलवारें, लोहे की छड़ें, ऐसे कोई भी हथियार जो इंसान की खोपड़ी तोड़ सकते हों, उनके हाथों में चमक रहे थे। ये मुसलमान मुस्लिम लीग की ललकार के अनुसार बाहर निकले थे….. ताकि इंग्लैण्ड और कांग्रेस पार्टी के सामने साबित किया जा सके कि मुसलमान पाकिस्तान लेकर रहेंगे
…… उन मुसलमान टोलियों ने जो भी हिन्दू दिखाई दिया, उसे मार कर शव शहर के खुले गटरों में फैंक दिए। पुलिस के हाथ-पांव फूल गए। जल्दी ही शहर के दर्जनों स्थानों से काले धुंएं के खंभे आकाश में उठ-उठ कर डोलने लगे। हिन्दुओं की बस्तियां खाक हो रही थीं। बाजार धू-धू कर जल रहे थे। हिन्दू क्यों पीछे रहते? उन की भी टोलियों ने अपनी झौंपड़-पट्टियों से निकलना और मुसलमानों को मौत के घाट उतारना शुरू किया।
….. शहर में 6000 लोग मारे गए थे। 21 अगस्त को लॉर्ड वैवेल ने भारत सचिव पेथिक लारेंस को जानकारी भिजवाई कि वर्तमान अनुमान के अनुसार 3000 लोगों की जान जा चुकी है और 17 हजार लोग घायल हुए हैं। कांग्रेस पूरी तरह मान चुकी थी कि यह सारी गड़बड़ी बंगाल की मुस्लिम लीग सरकार की कारस्तानी है। लेकिन वायसराय को अभी तक इस आशय का कोई संतोषजनक प्रमाण नहीं मिला था। शवों के बारे में अनुमान यह था कि मारे गए लोगों में मुसलमानों की संख्या हिन्दुओं के मुकाबले खासी ज्यादा है। ‘
मोसले ने लिखा है कि 16 अगस्त 1946 की सुबह से तीन दिन बाद की शाम तक कलकत्ता में 6 हजार लोगों को मारपीट, खून-खराबा, आग, छुरेबाजी और गोलियों से मौत के घाट उतारा गया। बीस हजार के साथ बलात्कार हुआ अथवा वे जीवन भर के लिए अपंग बना दिए गए। सरकारी आंकड़ों के अनुसार इस अवधि में लगभग 5000 लोगों की जानें गईं, 15,000 घायल हुए तथा 10 हजार लोग बेघर हुए।
अगस्त के उत्तरार्ध में एक विदेशी संवाददाता ने जिन्ना से कलकत्ता के नरसंहार के बारे में पूछा तो उसका जवाब था-
‘यदि कांग्रेस की सरकारें मुसलमानों का दमन और उत्पीड़न करती रहीं तो अशांति पर नियंत्रण पाना बहुत कठिन हो जाएगा। ….. मेरी राय में पाकिस्तान की स्थापना करने के अतिरिक्त अब कोई विकल्प नहीं रह गया है। ….. हम पाकिस्तान के गैर-मुसलमानों और हिन्दू जाति-अल्पसंख्यकों की देखभाल करने की गारंटी लेते हैं। इनकी संख्या लगभग ढाई करोड़ होगी। इनके हित की हर तरीके से सुरक्षा की जाएगी। ….. भारत को जल्दी से जल्दी सच्ची आजादी दिलाने और उपमहाद्वीप में रहने वाले सभी लोगों के कल्याण और खुशी का तरीका यही हो सकता है।’
कई माह तक बेकाबू रहे कलकत्ता के हालात
3.30 करोड़ मुसलमानों एवं 2.50 करोड़ हिन्दुओं के बंगाल को हिंसा और मौत का खेल खेलने के लिए सुरक्षित शिकारगाह समझकर 16 अगस्त 1946 को भले ही जिन्ना और उसके पिठ्ठू सुहरावर्दी ने सीधी कार्यवाही दिवस मना कर यह सोच लिया था कि वे जीत में रहे हैं किंतु यह हिंसा और मौत का ऐसा खेल था जिसमें जीत कभी भी किसी पक्ष की नहीं होती, अतः जिन्ना और सुहरावर्दी की भी नहीं हुई। कलकत्ता में पुलिस और मिलिट्री भले ही बैरकों से बाहर निकलकर सड़कों पर खड़ी हो गई किंतु हिंसा और मौत का खेल उसके पड़ौसी प्रांत बिहार में शुरू हो गया था।
9 नवम्बर 1946 को बिहार के गवर्नर सर ह्यू डो ने प्रांत में साम्प्रदायिक दंगों के बारे में एक रिपोर्ट गवर्नर जनरल वैवेल को भिजावाई इसमें कहा गया-
‘सेना की नौ बटालियनें दंगा-प्रभावित देहाती क्षेत्रों में नियुक्त की गई हैं किंतु हिंदुओं की भीड़ें मुसलमानों को जहाँ हाथ लगते हैं, खत्म करने पर तुली हुई हैं। मरने वालों में तकरीबन सभी मुसलमान ही हैं और अनुमान यह है कि उनमें 75 प्रतिशत संख्या औरतों और बच्चों की है।’
-डॉ. मोहनलाल गुप्ता
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