राजगुरु देवीनाथ पांडे ने श्रीराम जन्मभूमि हेतु पहला बलिदान दिया!
जिस समय बाबर के सेनापति मीर बाकी ने राममंदिर तोडने के लिए अयोध्या पर अभियान किया, उस समय राजगुरु देवीनाथ पांडे पहला व्यक्ति था जिसने सेना लेकर मीर बाकी का मार्ग रोका तथा अपने प्राणों का बलिदाऩ दिया।
बाबर मार्च 1528 में अफगानियों से लड़ने के लिए पूरब में गया तो उसने घाघरा के किनारे पर अपना शिविर लगाया तथा अयोध्या में रहने वाले फकीर फजल अब्बास कलंदर से मिला। कलंदर ने बाबर से कहा कि मेरे लिए अयोध्या में रामजन्म भूमि मंदिर के स्थान पर मस्जिद बनाई जाए।
कुछ लेखकों के अनुसार यह अनुरोध फजल अब्बास कलंदर और मूसा अशिकान दोनों ने किया था। महात्मा बालकराम विनायक ने अपनी पुस्तक कनकभवन रहस्य में लिखा है- ‘बाबर के शिया सेनापति मीर बाकी ने ई.1528 में अयोध्या की तरफ अभियान किया। 17 दिनों तक हिंदुओं से लड़ाई होती रही। अंत में हिन्दुओं की हार हुई।’
कुछ अन्य लेखकों ने लिखा है कि भाटी नरेश महताबसिंह तथा हँसवर नरेश रणविजयसिंह ने अयोध्या में मीरबाकी का मार्ग रोका। उनका नेतृत्व हँसवर के राजगुरु देवीनाथ पांडे ने किया। सर्वप्रथम राजगुरु ने ही अपनी सेना के साथ मीर बाकी पर आक्रमण किया। वह स्वयं भी तलवार हाथ में लेकर मीरबाकी के सैनिकों पर टूट पड़ा। मीरबाकी ने छिपकर राजगुरु देवीनाथ पांडे को गोली मारी। हिन्दू सैनिक तलवार लेकर लड़ रहे थे जबकि मीर बाकी ने तोपों का सहारा लिया।
लखनऊ गजट के लेखक कनिंघम के अनुसार इस युद्ध में 1,74,000 हिन्दू सैनिकों ने प्राणों की आहुति दी। हिंदुओं से हुए युद्ध में मीर बाकी विजयी हुआ। उसने राम जन्मभूमि पर एक मस्जिद का निर्माण करवाया। कनिंघम द्वारा दी गई संख्या बहुत अधिक लगती है किंतु संभवतः यह संख्या मीर बाकी द्वारा अयोध्या पर आक्रमण किए जाने से लेकर कनिंघम द्वारा गजेटियर लिखे जाने तक हिंदुओं द्वारा दिए गए बलिदानों की कुल संख्या है।
लाला सीताराम बीए ने लिखा है- ‘जब मीर बाकी ने जन्मभूमि मंदिर के भीतर प्रवेश करना चाहा तो मंदिर का पुजारी चौखट पर खड़ा होकर बोला कि मेरे जीते जी तुम भीतर नहीं जा सकते। इस पर बाकी झल्लाया और तलवार खींचकर उसे कत्ल कर दिया। जब मीर बाकी मंदिर के भीतर गया तो उसने देखा कि मूर्तियां नहीं हैं, वे अदृश्य हो गई हैं। वह पछताकर रह गया। कालांतर में लक्ष्मणघाट पर सरयूजी में स्नान करते हुए एक दक्षिणी ब्राह्माण को ये मूर्तियां मिलीं। वह बहुत प्रसन्न हुआ। उसने स्वर्गद्वारम् मंदिर में उन मूर्तियों की स्थापना की।’
लाला सीताराम बीए ने लिखा है- ‘इस मंदिर के ठाकुर काले रामजी के नाम से प्रसिद्ध थे। इसमें एक बड़े काले पत्थर पर राम पंचायतन की पांच मूर्तियां खुदी हुई थीं। बाकी बेग ने मंदिर की ही सामग्री से मस्जिद बनवाई थी। मस्जिद के भीतर बारह और बाहर फाटक पर दो काले कसौटी पत्थर के स्तम्भ लगे हुए हैं। केवल वे स्तम्भ ही अब प्राचीन मंदिर के स्मारक रह गए हैं। इस मंदिर के चार स्तम्भ शाह की कब्र पर लगवाए गए थे जिनमें से दो स्तम्भ अब फैजाबाद के संग्रहालय में रखे हुए हैं।’
लाला सीताराम बीए ने लिखा है- ‘जब मूसा आशिकान मरने लगा तो उसने अपने चेलों से कहा कि जन्मस्थान मंदिर हमारे ही कहने से तोड़ा गया है, इसके दो खंभे बिछाकर हमारी लाश रखी जाए और दो खंभे हमारे सिरहाने गाड़ दिए जाएं। मूसा के चेलों द्वारा ऐसा ही किया गया। मीर बाकी ने इस ढांचे के फाटक पर तीन पंक्तियों का एक लेख लगवाया जिसमें लिखा था-
बनामे आँ कि दाना हस्त अकबर
कि खालिक जुमला आलम लामकानी।
हरूदे मुस्तफ़ा बाहज़ सतायश
कि सरवर अम्बियाए दोजहानी।
फिसाना दर जहाँ बाबर कलंदर
कि शुद दर दौरे गेती कामरानी।’
अर्थात्- उस अल्लाह के नाम से जो महान् और बुद्धिमान है, जो सम्पूर्ण जगत् का सृष्टिकर्ता और स्वयं निवास-रहित है। अल्लाह के बाद मुस्तफ़ा की कथा प्रसिद्ध है जो दोनों जहान और पैगम्बरों के सरदार हैं। संसार में बाबर और कलंदर की कथा प्रसिद्ध है जिससे उसे संसार-चक्र में सफलता मिलती है।
मस्जिद के भीतर भी तीन पंक्तियों का एक लेख था जिसमें लिखा गया था-
बकरमूद ऐ शाह बाबर कि अहलश
बनाईस्त ता काखे गरहूं मुलाकी।
बिना कर्द महबते कुहसियां अमीरे स आहत निशां मीर बाकी।
बुअह खैर बाकी यूं साले बिनायश।
अर्थात्- बादशाह बाबर की आज्ञा से जिसके न्याय की ध्वजा आकाश तक पहुंची है। नेकदिल मीर बाकी ने फरिश्तों के उतरने के लिए यह स्थान बनवाया है। उसकी कृपा सदा बनी रहे।
इस लेख के आधार पर माना जाता है कि इसमें वर्णित फरिश्तों के उतरने के स्थान का आशय रामजी की जन्मभूमि से है। जबकि मुसलमानों का मानना है कि यहाँ जिन फरिश्तों के उतरने के लिए स्थान बनाया गया है वह मस्जिद है न कि मंदिर। उनके अनुसार यह स्थान इस्लाम में वर्णित उन फरिश्तों से सम्बन्धित है जो धरती पर अल्लाह का संदेश लेकर आते हैं।
इस लेख को बाद के वर्षों में तोड़कर वहीं पटक दिया गया किंतु इसके टुकड़ों से इस इमारत के बनाने का वर्ष 935 हिजरी (ई.1528) भी ज्ञात हो जाता है। चूंकि इस शिलालेख में बाबर के आदेश का उल्लेख हुआ है इसलिए इस इमारत को बाबरी ढांचा कहा जाने लगा। इस मंदिर को फिर से प्राप्त करने के लिए हिन्दू पांच सौ सालों तक संघर्ष करते रहे और तब तक अपने प्राणों का बलिदान देते रहे जब तक कि ई.2019 में यह मंदिर हिंदुओं को वापस नहीं मिल गया।
सत्रहवीं शताब्दी ईस्वी में ऑस्ट्रिया के एक पादरी, फादर टाइफैन्थेलर ने अयोध्या की यात्रा की तथा लगभग 50 पृष्ठों में अयोध्या यात्रा का वर्णन किया। इस वर्णन का फ्रैंच अनुवाद ई.1786 में बर्लिन से प्रकाशित हुआ। उसने लिखा- ‘अयोध्या के रामकोट मौहल्ले में तीन गुम्बदों वाला ढांचा है जिसमें काले रंग की कसौटी के 14 स्तम्भ लगे हुए हैं। इसी स्थान पर भगवान श्रीराम ने अपने तीन भाइयों सहित जन्म लिया। जन्मभूमि पर बने मंदिर को बाबर ने तुड़वाया। आज भी हिन्दू इस स्थान की परिक्रमा करते हैं और साष्टांग दण्डवत करते हैं।’
भारत की आजादी के बाद 22 दिसम्बर 1949 की रात्रि में लगभग तीन बजे अचानक बाबरी ढांचे में भगवान का प्राकट्य हुआ वर्ष 1992 में बाबर द्वारा बनाए गए ढांचे को तोड़ दिया गया तथा रामलला को कपड़े के एक टैंट में विराजमान कर दिया गया। वर्ष 2019 में सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह मंदिर फिर से हिन्दुओं को लौटा दिया। देश के वर्तमान प्रधानमंत्री श्री नरेन्द्र मोदी ने एक ट्रस्ट का गठन करके इस स्थान पर भव्य राममंदिर का निर्माण आरम्भ करवाया है।
कुछ इतिहासकारों के अनुसार जिस ढांचे को बाबरी-मस्जिद अथवा बाबरी ढांचा कहा जाता था, उसे वास्तव में इल्तुतमिश के पुत्र तथा अयोध्या के गवर्नर नासिरुद्दीन ने बनवाया था। मीर बाकी ने उस ढांचे की मरम्मत करवाकर उसमें अपने शिलालेख लगवा दिए ताकि बाबर को खुश किया जा सके और स्वयं इस मस्जिद को बनाने का श्रेय लिया जा सके।
कुछ इतिहासकारों ने सिद्ध करने की चेष्टा की है कि यह मस्जिद औरंगजेब के समय में बनी तथा इसे बाबरी मस्जिद कहा गया किंतु औरंगजेब के समकालीन इतिहासकारों ने अयोध्या का श्रीराम जन्मभूमि मंदिर तोड़े जाने और उसके स्थान पर मस्जिद बनवाए जाने का कोई उल्लेख नहीं किया है। औरंगजेब के काल के सरकारी फरमानों में भी इस बात का कोई उल्लेख नहीं मिलता है।
– डॉ. मोहनलाल गुप्ता
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