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बोरसद आंदोलन

Dr. Mohanlal Gupta
By Dr. Mohanlal Gupta
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सरदार पटेल ने सरकारी मनमानी के विरुद्ध बोरसद आंदोलन चलाया

बोरसद आंदोलन कांग्रेस का अथवा गुजरात सभा का आंदोलन नहीं था। इसे सरदार पटेल ने बोरसद के स्थानीय लोगों के सहयोग से चलाया था। बोरसद आंदोलन के माध्यम से सरदार पटेल ने अंग्रेज सरकार की पुलिस के भ्रष्टाचार का पर्दाफाश करके जनता को अनावश्यक कर से मुक्ति दिलवाई।

बोरसद सरदार पटेल की पुरानी कर्मभूमि थी। वहाँ अचानक चोरियों का सिलसिला आरम्भ हो गया। डकैतियां होने लगीं तथा अन्य अपराधों में भी वृद्धि हो गई। जब जनता ने सरकार से कहा कि वह अपराधियों पर लगाम लगाये तो सरकार ने जनता पर ही आरोप लगा दिया कि बोरसद के लोग बेहद डरपोक एव दब्बू हैं इसलिये वहाँ अपराध अधिक हो रहे हैं।

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सरकार ने अतिरिक्त पुलिस व्यवस्था के नाम पर बोरसद के लोगों पर 2.40 लाख रुपये का अतिरिक्त वार्षिक कर लगा दिया। लोगों ने वल्लभभाई से सरकार की इस कार्यवाही की शिकायत की। सरदार ने स्वयं मामले की जांच की तो पता लगा कि अली नामक एक डकैत ने एक ऐसे अपराधी को पकड़वाने में पुलिस अधीक्षक की सहायता करने का वचन दिया था जिसे सरकार तत्काल पकड़ना चाहती थी। इसलिये अली और उसके आदमी जमकर लूटपाट मचा रहे थे और पुलिस अधीक्षक सहित पूरा विभाग चुप था।

वल्लभभाई को ज्ञात हुआ कि बोरसद की पुलिस, डकैत अली की गेंग को हथियार उपलब्ध करा रही है। यह एक विचित्र स्थिति थी। एक ओर पुलिस डकैतों से मिली हुई थी और दूसरी ओर सरकार, अतिरिक्त पुलिस व्यवस्था के नाम पर 16 साल से बड़े प्रत्येक व्यक्ति पर 2 रुपये 7 आने का टैक्स लगाकर खर्चे की भरपाई कर रही थी। जिन लोगों ने टैक्स नहीं दिया, उनके मवेशी तथा जमीनें जब्त कर ली गईं।

बहुत से लोगों को पकड़कर जेलों में ठूंस दिया गया। जब बोरसद में डाकुओं तथा पुलिस का कहर जारी था, दुर्भाग्य से उन्हीं दिनों बोरसद और उसके आसपास के क्षेत्र में भीषण अकाल पड़ गया। यह कोढ़ में खाज हो जाने जैसा था। एक ओर से चोर-डाकू लूट रहे थे, दूसरी ओर से सरकार और पुलिस लूट रही थी, तीसरी ओर से प्रकृति भी अकाल लेकर आ धमकी। पूरे क्षेत्र में हाहाकार मच गया। सरदार पटेल ने लोगों से अपील की कि वे समस्याओं का सामना धैर्य से करें तथा सरकार को अतिरिक्त कर न दें।

जब गोरी सरकार बोरसद के लोगों का बलपूर्वक दमन करने पर उतर आई तो वल्लभभाई ने 9 दिसम्बर 1923 को नवजीवन नामक समाचार पत्र में एक वक्तव्य प्रकाशित करवाया तथा समस्त गुजरात को बोरसद ताल्लुके की समस्या से अवगत कराते हुए सहायता करने की अपील की- ‘बोरसद और आनंद तहसील की निर्दोष जनता पर सरकार ने 2.50 लाख रुपये का जुर्माना लगा दिया है। इसके साथ ही 500 गांवों में पुलिस बल तैनात कर दिया है। इसका प्रतिरोध करते हुए जनता ने सत्याग्रह करने का निर्णय लिया है।

प्रत्येक ग्राम में बाहर से बुलाई गई पुलिस तैनात की गई है। उनमें से कुछ पुलिसवालों ने लोगों पर तरह-तरह के अत्याचार करने आरम्भ कर दिये हैं। लुटेरों के आतंक से त्रस्त जनता अब पुलिस के आतंक में फंसी है। स्त्रियों की इज्जत पर भी हाथ डाला जा रहा है। पटवारियों को आदेश दिये गये हैं कि वे तुरंत जब्ती करें। जल्दी वसूली करने वालों को पगड़ी का लालच दिया जा रहा है। ऐसी कष्टप्रद स्थिति में लोगों को आश्वस्त करने और उनके दुःख में सहभागी बनने की आवश्यकता है।

गुजरात के नवयुवकों के लिये जनता की सेवा करने का यह सुनहरा अवसर हाथ आया है। जो बोरसद में सेवा करने के इच्छुक हों, वे प्रांतीय समिति के मंत्री के नाम अपना आवेदन तुरंत भेजें। इस लड़ाई में धन की जरूरत पड़ेगी। मुझे आशा है कि गुजरात स्वयं बोरसद के आंदोलन के लिये पर्याप्त धन दे सकता है। सहायता करने के इच्छुक, गुजरात प्रांतीय समिति को चंदा भेज सकते हैं।’   -वल्लभभाई झबेरभाई पटेल।

इस अपील का गुजरात की जनता पर जादू जैसा असर हुआ। लोग दूर-दूर से आकर सत्याग्रह के लिये एकत्रित होने लगे। व्यापारियों ने अपना कारोबार बंद करके बोरसद के लोगों के साथ सहानुभूति जताई। जब्ती से बचने के लिये किसान अपने मवेशियों को लेकर जंगलों में चले गये। औरतों ने ताम्बे और पीतल के बरतन छिपा दिये तथा मिट्टी के बरतनों से काम चलाने लगीं। बोरसद आंदोलन अपने चरम पर पहुंच गया।

वल्लभभाई बिना किसी संगठन का सहारा लिये, बोरसद का आंदोलन चला रहे थे। एक तरफ शक्तिशाली अंग्रेज शासन तंत्र था जो अत्याचार करने का अभ्यस्त था। तो दूसरी ओर सरदार का असरदार व्यक्तित्व किसी भी आंदोलन को नेतृत्व देने में सक्षम था। वल्लभभाई को भय था कि लोग सरकारी अत्याचारों से टूट जायेंगे। इसलिये वे गांव-गांव जाकर जोशीले भाषण देते और लोगों को अन्याय के समक्ष मजबूती से डटे रहने के लिये प्रेरित करते। उनके भाषणों से जनता में नई आशा का संचार होता था तथा सरकार के विरुद्ध संघर्ष करने की हिम्मत पैदा होती थी।

जब बोरसद आंदोलन लम्बा खिंच गया और उसका कोई परिणाम नहीं निकला तो ईश्वर ने सरदार पटेल की सहायता करने का निश्चय किया। उन्हीं दिनों बम्बई का गवर्नर बदल गया तथा सर लेजली विल्सन बम्बई का गवर्नर बनकर आया। एक दिन उसने समाचार पत्रों में सरदार पटेल का वह भाषण पढ़ा जिसमें उन्होंने अपराधों में पुलिस की मिली-भगत का भण्डाफोड़ करते हुए बोरसद के पुलिस अधीक्षक द्वारा जारी किये गये गुप्त सर्कुलर का राज खोला था जिसमें पुलिस कर्मियों को निर्देश दिये गये थे

कि वे चोरी-डकैती की घटनाओं पर ध्यान न दें। सर लेजली ने वास्तविकता जानने के लिये होम मेम्बर सर मौरिस हेवर्ड को बोरसद भेजा। सर हेवर्ड ने पूरे क्षेत्र का दौरा किया तथा स्थान-स्थान पर लोगों से बात करके तथ्यों का पता लगाया। इस जांच के दौरान वह गुप्त सर्कूलर भी हेवर्ड के हाथ लग गया।

सर हेवर्ड ने बम्बई लौटकर गवर्नर को अपनी रिपोर्ट सौंप दी। इस रिपोर्ट में कहा गया था कि सरदार पटेल द्वारा लगाये गये समस्त आरोप सही थे। गवर्नर ने तुरंत कार्यवाही करते हुए 8 जनवरी 1924 को अनुचित टैक्स निरस्त कर दिया। सरदार पटेल ने इस न्यायसंगत कार्यवाही के लिये गवर्नर को धन्यवाद दिया।

यह एक शानदार सफलता थी जिसे सरदार ने अपने व्यक्तित्व और सत्यनिष्ठा के बल पर कर दिखाया था। जनता ने इस आंदोलन में सरदार का ऐसा अभूतपूर्व साथ दिया जिसकी कल्पना भी नहीं की जा सकती थी। गांधीजी ने सरदार की इस सफलता की प्रशंसा करते हुए उन्हें बोरसद के राजा की उपाधि दी।

अब तक सरदार पटेल गुजरात के विभिन्न भागों में आंदोलन करते रहे थे तथा उनके द्वारा किया गया हर आंदोलन निर्णायक बिंदु पर पहुंचा था। जबकि गांधीजी द्वारा चलाया गया कोई भी आंदोलन अब तक सफल नहीं हुआ था। चम्पारन के किसानों को पूरी तरह राहत नहीं मिली थी तथा असहयोग आंदोलन भी बीच में बंद कर दिया गया था।

चूंकि मुसलमानों द्वारा चलाये जा रहे खिलाफत आंदोलन को भी असहयोग आंदोलन से जोड़ लिया गया था, इस कारण खिलाफत आंदोलन भी विफल हो गया था। मुसलमानों को लगता था कि खिलाफत आंदोलन को विफल करने के लिये ही गांधीजी ने असहयोग आंदोलन बंद किया था। इस कारण गांधीजी की चौतरफा आलोचना हो रही थी और सरदार पटेल की सफलताओं के किस्से पूरे देश के समाचार पत्रों में छप रहे थे। वे देश की धड़कन बनते जा रहे थे।

-डॉ. मोहनलाल गुप्ता

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