बादशाह शाहआलम (द्वितीय) के वजीर नजीबुद्दौला ने बादशह को लाल किले से बाहर निकाल दिया। जब तक वजीर जीवित रहा, शाहआलम लाल किले में नहीं घुस सका।
ई.1765 में इलाहाबाद की संधि के अंतर्गत ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी ने मुगल बादशाह शाहआलम (द्वितीय) को 26 लाख रुपये वार्षिक पेंशन देकर शासन के कार्य से लगभग मुक्त कर दिया किंतु इलाहाबाद और कड़ा के सूबे अब भी मुगल बादशाह के अधिकार में थे।
कहने को तो यह शाहआलम की बादशाहत का अंत था किंतु इस पेंशन से बादशाह का जीवन सुधर गया। इस पेंशन के मिलने से पहलते तक तो बादशाह को दाल-रोटी के भी लाले थे और वह अवध के सूबेदार की मेहरबानी पर जिंदगी काट रहा था किंतु अब हर साल 26 लाख रुपए हाथ में आने से से बादशाह की शानौशौकत और चमक-दमक पहले की तरह लौट आई। बिना कोई युद्ध किए, बिना सल्तनत की परेशानियों में सिर खपाए, बिना वजीरों के झगड़ों में मगज-पच्ची किए, बादशाह मजे से जिंदगी काट सकता था।
इस संधि के अंतर्गत इण्डिया कम्पनी को बंगाल में दीवानी अधिकार प्राप्त हो गए। इन अधिकारों का उपयोग करके कम्पनी के गवर्नर वारेन हेस्टिंग्स ने बंगाल में द्वैध शासन की व्यवस्था की। इस व्यवस्था के अंतर्गत बंगाल, बिहार एवं उड़ीसा में किसानों से भूराजस्व की वसूली ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी करती थी जबकि नागरिक प्रशासन के लिए बादशाह शाहआलम की तरफ से बंगाल के नवाब को नियुक्त किया गया था।
पूरे आलेख के लिए देखें यह वी-ब्लॉग-
यह सब दिखावटी और कोरी कागजी कार्यवाही थी। कम्पनी बंगाल, बिहार, उड़ीसा एवं अवध की वास्तविक स्वामिनी बन चुकी थी और अपने मनमर्जी से भारतीयों का शोषण कर रही थी। ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी को बंगाल के दीवानी अधिकार देने के बदले में ही बादशाह को 26 लाख रुपए की वार्षिक पेंशन दी गई थी।
इस काल में आगरा का लाल किला भरतपुर के जाटों के अधिकार में था किंतु दिल्ली का लाल किला अब भी मुगल बादशाह की सम्पत्ति था क्योंकि अंग्रेजों ने मुगल बादशाह से दिल्ली का लाल किला नहीं छीना था।
इसे एक विडम्बना ही समझा जाना चाहिए कि दिल्ली के लाल किले में बादशाह के वजीर और मीरबख्शी बादशाह की सल्तनत चला रहे थे किंतु वे बादशाह शाहआलम को लाल किले में नहीं घुसने देते थे। इस कारण शाहआलम छः वर्ष तक अवध के नवाब शुजाउद्दौला के संरक्षण में इलाहबाद के किले में निवास करता रहा। इस दौरान शाहआलम का पुत्र मिर्जा जवान बख्त भी नजीबुद्दौला के साथ दिल्ली में था। इस अवधि में दिल्ली नगर का शासन ये दोनों मिलकर चला रहे थे।
ई.1770 में नजीबुद्दौला की मृत्यु हो गई। बादशाह शाहआलम (द्वितीय) ने इसे अपने लिए एक अवसर समझा और ई.1771 में शाहआलम ने मराठा सरदार महादजी शिंदे से एक समझौता किया। इस समझौते के अनुसार बादशाह ने इलाहाबाद और कड़ा के सूबे मराठों को सौंप दिए और इसके बदले में महादजी शिंदे ने बादशाह शाहआलम को दिल्ली के लाल किले में पुनः प्रवेश दिलवा दिया तथा बादशाह के दरबार एवं हरम के खर्चे के रूप में उसे 13 लाख रुपया वार्षिक पेंशन देना स्वीकार किया।
बादशाह द्वारा अंग्रेजों का संरक्षण त्यागकर मराठों से संधि करते ही अंग्रेजों ने बादशाह की पेंशन बंद कर दी तथा अंग्रेजों ने कड़ा तथा इलाहाबाद के जो सूबे बादशाह की निजी जागीर में छोड़े थे, वे भी जब्त कर लिए। महादजी सिंधिया चाहकर भी अंग्रेजों से इन दोनों सूबों को नहीं छीन सका। इस कारण महादजी सिंधिया ने बादशाह की पेंशन घटाकर केवल 17 हजार रुपया महीना कर दी।
26 लाख रुपए वार्षिक पेंशन के बंद होते ही बादशाह की शानौशौकत और चमक-दमक फिर से जाती रही। नौकरों और बांदियों को बादशाह की सेवा से पुनः हटा दिया गया और जीवन की पटरी फिर से दो जून की दाल-रोटी पर लौट आई किंतु बादशाह को संतोष था कि वह अपने पुरखों के बनाए हुए लाल किले में बैठा था और हिंदुस्तान का बादशाह था। ऐसा बादशाह जिसका आदेश किसी पर नहीं चलता था, जिसके पास एक भी सिपाही नहीं था, कोई कोष नहीं था और लाल किले को छोड़कर एक भी किला नहीं था।
कहने को तो लाल किला अब भी लाल किला था किंतु अब वह किसी बादशाह की राजधानी न होकर शाहअलम नामक एक आदमी का मकान बनकर रह गया था। अब मुगल बादशाह का कोई दरबार नहीं था। इस कारण, मुगल दरबार की सदियों से चली आ रही दलबन्दी भी स्वतः समाप्त हो गई थी जिसके चलते कई मुगल बादशाहों के कत्ल हुए थे।
ई.1771 में जब शाहआलम (द्वितीय) पुनः लाल किले में लौटा तब उसकी आयु 43 वर्ष हो चुकी थी। मुगल अमीरों, वजीरों और सूबेदारों द्वारा साथ छोड़ दिए जाने के बाद अब ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी ने भी शाहआलम का साथ छोड़ दिया था जिसके कारण वह मराठों द्वारा दी जा रही 17 हजार रुपए महीने की पेंशन पर जीवित था। फिर भी वह रोटी खाता रहा और जीवित बना रहा। कोई भी सशस्त्र व्यक्ति लाल किले में घुसकर मुगल बादशाह को जीत सकता था।
इसी दौरान ईरान से आए सफावी वंश के मिर्जा नजफ खाँ ने बादशाह शाहआलम से सम्पर्क किया तथा उसने बादशाह के समक्ष एक मुगल सेना खड़ी करने का प्रस्ताव दिया। बादशाह ने उसे सेना खड़ी करने की अनुमति दे दी। बंगाल के अपदस्थ सूबेदार मीर कासिम की सहायता से मिर्जा नजफ खाँ ने मुगल बादशाह के लिए एक छोटी सी मुगल सेना खड़ी कर ली। इस सेना को कुछ हाथी-घोड़े एवं बंदूकें भी मिल गईं किंतु इस सेना का कोई महत्व अथवा शक्ति नहीं थी। यह सेना किसी से युद्ध नहीं कर सकती थी, न बादशाह को उसका खोया हुआ इकबाल वापस दिलवा सकती थी।
ई.1772 में मराठों ने नजीबुद्दौला उर्फ नजीब खाँ की जागीर रोहिलखण्ड पर आक्रमण किया तथा नजीबुद्दौला के पुत्र जाबिता खाँ को परास्त करके पत्थरगढ़ पर अधिकार कर लिया और पत्थरगढ़ में रखे विशाल खजाने पर अधिकार कर लिया। रूहेलों ने मराठों की इस कार्यवाही के लिए मुगल बादशाह को जिम्मेदार माना और वे शाहआलम (द्वितीय) के शत्रु हो गए।
-डॉ. मोहनलाल गुप्ता
 के वजीर नजीबुद्दौला ने बादशह को लाल किले से बाहर निकाल दिया। जब तक वजीर जीवित रहा, शाहआलम लाल किले में नहीं घुस सका।){kind=link}
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